Influence des acquittements sur la capacité des réseaux radio maillés

National audienceA la veille du déploiement de l'informatique ubiquitaire, la performance des réseaux radio est un enjeu économique majeur. Parmi les indicateurs de performance, la capacité, ou volume maximal de trafic que peut écouler le réseau en un temps fixé, est essentielle. Dans cet article nous évaluons le gain en capacité induit par la suppression des acquittements au niveau MAC en résolvant un modèle linéaire par génération de colonnes

Combinatorial optimization in networks with Shared Risk Link Groups

International audienceThe notion of Shared Risk Link Groups (SRLG) captures survivability issues when a set of links of a network may fail simultaneously. The theory of survivable network design relies on basic combinatorial objects that are rather easy to compute in the classical graph models: shortest paths, minimum cuts, or pairs of disjoint paths. In the SRLG context, the optimization criterion for these objects is no longer the number of edges they use, but the number of SRLGs involved. Unfortunately, computing these combinatorial objects is NP-hard and hard to approximate with this objective in general. Nevertheless some objects can be computed in polynomial time when the SRLGs satisfy certain structural properties of locality which correspond to practical ones, namely the star property (all links affected by a given SRLG are incident to a unique node) and the span 1 property (the links affected by a given SRLG form a connected component of the network). The star property is defined in a multi-colored model where a link can be affected by several SRLGs while the span property is defined only in a mono-colored model where a link can be affected by at most one SRLG. In this paper, we extend these notions to characterize new cases in which these optimization problems can be solved in polynomial time. We also investigate the computational impact of the transformation from the multi-colored model to the mono-colored one. Experimental results are presented to validate the proposed algorithms and principles

Energy efficient k-anycast routing in multi-sink wireless networks with guaranteed delivery

International audienceIn k-anycasting, a sensor wants to report event information to any k sinks in the network. This is important to gain in reliability and efficiency in wireless sensor and actor networks. In this paper, we describe KanGuRou, the first position-based energy efficient k-anycast routing which guarantees the packet delivery to k sinks as long as the connected component that contains s also contains sufficient number of sinks. A node s running KanGuRou first computes a tree including k sinks among the M available ones, with weight as low as possible. If this tree has m ≥ 1 edges originated at node s, s duplicates the message m times and runs m times KanGuRou over a subset of defined sinks. Simulation results show that KanGuRou allows up to 62% of energy saving compared to plain anycasting

Reliability of Connections in Multilayer Networks under Shared Risk Groups and Costs Constraints

International audienceThe notion of Shared Risk Resource Groups (SRRG) has been introduced to capture survivability issues when a set of resources may fail simultaneously. Applied to Wavelength Division Multiplexing Network (WDM), it expresses that some links and nodes may fail simultaneously. The reliability of a connection therefore depends on the number of SRRGs through which it is routed. Consequently, this number has to be minimized. This problem has been proved NP-complete and hard to approximate in general, even when routing a single request. Some heuristics using shortest paths have already been designed, however the cost (the usual routing cost, not in term of SRRG) was not part of the objective. In this paper we study the problem of minimizing a linear combination of the average number of SRRG per paths and the cost of the routing. The main result of our work is a column generation formulation that allows to solve efficiently the problem of maximizing the reliability of a set of connection requests in MPLS/WDM mesh networks with SRRGs while keeping the cost of the routing low

Shared Risk Resource Groups and Colored Graph: Polynomial Cases and Transformation Issues

In this paper, we characterize polynomial cases for several combinatorial optimization problems in the context of multilayer networks with shared risk resource groups

Shared Risk Resource Group: Complexity and Approximability issues

International audienceThis article investigates complexity and approximability properties of combinatorial optimization problems yielded by the notion of Shared Risk Resource Group (SRRG). SRRG has been introduced in order to capture network survivability issues where a failure may break a whole set of resources, and has been formalized as colored graphs, where a set of resources is represented by a set of edges with same color. We consider here the analogous of classical problems such as determining paths or cuts with the minimum numbers of colors or color disjoint paths. These optimization problems are much more difficult than their counterparts in classical graph theory. In particular standard relationship such as the Max Flow - Min Cut equality do not hold any longer. In this article we identify cases where these problems are polynomial, for example when the edges of a given color form a connected subgraph, and otherwise give hardness and non approximability results for these problems

Surveillance passive dans l'Internet

International audienceAfin d'obtenir les informations nécessaires à une bonne gestion des ressources de leur réseau, les opérateurs placent des sondes passives sur les liens de leurs points de présence. Dans cet article, nous donnons des écritures en programmes linéaires mixtes des problèmes de placement de sondes simples ou avec échantillonnage, et donnons une stratégie pour la maintenance de la surveillance partielle de trafics dynamiques dans un point de présence. Ces formulations améliorent les résultats de deux articles récents de la littérature

Optimisation des réseaux de télécommunications : Réseaux multiniveaux, Tolérance aux pannes et Surveillance du trafic

This thesis is devoted to optimization problems arising in telecommunication networks. We tackle these problems from two main points of view. On the one hand we study their complexity and approximability properties. On the second hand, we propose heuristic methods, approximation algorithms or even exact algorithms that we compare with mixed integer linear programming formulations on specific instances.We are interested in backbone networks as well as access networks. In the first chapter, we briefly present access networks and IP/WDM multilayer backbone networks using the MPLS architecture. These networks are composed of a physical layer on which is routed a virtual layer. In turn, the users' requests are routed on the virtual layer. We also present multilayer network survivability issues motivating two of the questions we have studied.The second chapter is dedicated to the design of virtual networks. First we propose a mixed integer linear programming formulation with network survivability constraints. Then we study a sub-problem, the grooming problem. Our objective is to minimize the number of virtual links, needed to route a given set of requests when the physical layer is a directed path. The third chapter deals with Shared Risk Resource Groups (SRRG) induced by stacking up network layers in multilayer networks. Thanks to the colored graphs model, we study connexity and failure vulnerability of these networks.The positioning of traffic measurement points in the access network of an internet service provider is the subject of the fourth chapter. Monitoring the traffic has numerous applications, such as failure detection and assessment of network performances. We consider passive as well as active measurementsLes problèmes étudiés dans cette thèse sont motivés par des questions issues de l'optimisation des réseaux de télécommunication. Nous avons abordé ces problèmes sous deux angles principaux. D'une part nous avons étudié leurs propriétés de complexité et d'inapproximabilité. D'autre part nous avons dans certains cas proposé des algorithmes exacts ou d'approximation ou encore des méthodes heuristiques que nous avons pu comparer à des formulations en programmes linéaires mixtes sur des instances particulières.Nous nous intéressons aussi bien aux réseaux de coeur qu'aux réseaux d'accès. Dans le premier chapitre, nous présentons brièvement les réseaux d'accès ainsi que les réseaux multiniveaux de type IP/WDM et l'architecture MPLS que nous considérons pour les réseaux de coeur. Ces réseaux sont composés d'un niveau physique sur lequel est routé un niveau virtuel. A leur tour les requêtes des utilisateurs sont routées sur le niveau virtuel. Nous abordons également la tolérance aux pannes dans les réseaux multiniveaux qui motive deux problèmes que nous avons étudiés.Le second chapitre est consacré à la conception de réseaux virtuels. Dans un premier temps nous modélisons un problème prenant en compte la tolérance aux pannes, puis nous en étudions un sous-problème, le groupage. Notre objectif est de minimiser le nombre de liens virtuels, ou tubes, à installer pour router un ensemble de requêtes quelconque lorsque le niveau physique est un chemin orienté.Le troisième chapitre traite des groupes de risque (SRRG) induits par l'empilement de niveaux au sein d'un réseau multiniveaux. Grâce à une modélisation par des graphes colorés, nous étudions la connexité et la vulnérabilité aux pannes de ces réseaux.L'objet du quatrième chapitre est le problème du placement d'instruments de mesure du trafic dans le réseau d'accès d'un opérateur. Nous considérons aussi bien les mesures passives qu'actives. La surveillance du trafic possède de nombreuses applications, en particulier la détection de pannes et l'évaluation des performances d'un réseau

Effects of the Acknowledgment Traffic on the Capacity of Wireless Mesh Networks

Abstract—Since the emergence of ubiquitous computing, evaluating wireless network performances has become one of the major economic issues. Among the existing performance indicators, the network capacity, defined as the maximal amount of flow carried by a topology during a fixed time period, is essential. Some cross-layer characteristics have to be taken into account in order to optimally allocate the common resources. In this article, a comparative study is done between interference consequences in the two following models: (i) usual IEEE 802.11 MAC layer with acknowledgments at each hop, and (ii) block acknowledgments reported at the transport layer that can be included in the IEEE 802.16 standard. Cross-layer properties are modeled in a linear programming formulation that is solved using the column generation process. We quantify the gain in capacity induced by the move of the MAC acknowledgments into the transport layer, and show the better load distribution obtained in the network with the second model. I

A quantitative analysis of the capacity of wireless mesh networks

International audienceEvaluating wireless mesh network performances has become a specific challenge since the emergence of ubiquitous computing. In this article, we consider the network capacity as the performance measure and study its behaviour under two different interference models: (i) usual IEEE 802.11 MAC layer with acknowledgments at each hop, and (ii) block acknowledgments reported at the transport layer that can be included in the IEEE 802.16 standard. We derive a linear program modeling crosslayer characteristics of the wireless mesh network that is solved using column generation. We quantify the capacity gain induced by the move of the MAC acknowledgments into the transport layer, and show that a better load distribution is also obtained